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- THEATER, Page 67Does Color Blindness Count?
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- By WILLIAM A. HENRY III
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- RICHARD III
- by William Shakespeare
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- The hottest issue in the American theater is "nontraditional
- casting," the notion of giving roles to actors regardless of
- race, ethnicity, even gender. This does not mean simply
- mounting an all-black, all-Hispanic or all-Asian version of a
- show, but providing a rainbow jumble in which, at the extreme,
- parents of one race may be portrayed as having children of
- several others. The idea has been around for decades, but is
- gathering force as the U.S. becomes increasingly multiracial.
- Proponents argue that nontraditional casting helps bridge a
- gap between today's diversity and the narrow North European
- focus of the classics: in all Shakespeare, for example, only
- two substantial characters are written as black, none as Asian.
- Opponents say such casting often flies in the face of
- historical reality -- as in the choice of a black, Josette
- Simon, to play in a current London revival of Arthur Miller's
- After the Fall in a role based on Marilyn Monroe.
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- Like most high-minded artistic theories, nontraditional
- casting is only as good as the art it inspires. Few productions
- follow the theory more diligently, or illustrate more sharply
- both its merits and its pitfalls, than the staging of
- Shakespeare's Richard III that opened last week in New York
- City's Central Park. The title role is played by Oscar winner
- Denzel Washington (Glory), whose skin is almost as dark as the
- sepulchral black of his costume. His brother George, the Duke
- of Clarence, is played by the fair and blond Joseph Ziegler. A
- third brother of their clan, King Edward IV, is played by a
- white performer, as is his Queen. But their child and heir is
- black, and one of the Queen's brothers is Asian. Audiences are
- expected to be laudably color-blind. Unreasonably, they are
- also expected to know the text and its complicated genealogy
- so well -- or to follow it so closely -- as to overcome the
- confusion naturally engendered by defying the laws of genetics.
- On opening night it was apparent that many spectators kept
- looking for some pattern to ethnic casting choices that were
- unified only in being deliberately random.
-
- As Shakespeare's most malignant and funniest villain,
- Washington emphasizes force at the expense of charm. Hence his
- scenes of combat and command work splendidly, while scenes of
- seduction and connivance mostly falter. Among the gallery of
- women -- the best female parts in any of Shakespeare's
- histories -- two excel. As the widow of King Henry VI, murdered
- before the action begins, Mary Alice adopts an odd, incantatory
- style that suggests Cassandra-like vision and madness. As
- Edward IV's widow, plunged from glory to despair, Canadian
- actress Nancy Palk demonstrates anew that she is one of North
- America's foremost classical performers, at once studied and
- spontaneous. But Robin Phillips' staging feels under rehearsed
- and lacks a point of view. A tribute to nontraditional casting
- is not enough to sustain 3 1/2 hours of maledictions and blank
- verse.
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- Richard III opened on the same day that Actors' Equity ended
- the biggest controversy about nontraditional casting on
- Broadway in decades. After voting two weeks ago to bar British
- actor Jonathan Pryce from repeating his London triumph in Miss
- Saigon, the performers' union approved him to appear as a
- Eurasian pimp, over the protest of Asian actors who contend
- that ethnically open casting is meant to expand opportunities,
- not take away the few good roles available to them. The union
- prudently decided that color blindness must apply both ways --
- at least when it involves the threatened cancellation of a
- musical with advance sales of $25 million seven months before
- the first performance.
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